Brush.



Patented May 8, |900.. F. G. FARNHAM.

B R U S H L (Application Bled 'May 20, 1899.)

(No Model.)

Yu: owms PETERS co, Fumo-uma., wnsmucron, n, c.

45 section as applied to a rotary spindle.

Y UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK GUNN FARNIIAM, OF IIONESDAIIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

BRUSH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 649,290, dated May 8,1900.

Application filed May 20, 1899. Serial No. 717,573. (No model l l T all1117110171, if 77mg/ concern:

le it known that I, FRANK GUNN FARNHAM, a citizen of' the United States,residing at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, have invented cerfain new anduseful Improvements in Polishing-Brushes, of which the following is aspecification.

Myinventiou relates to the manufacture of i polishing-brushes, and isintended to provide ro an exceedingly strong construction and one whichmay be readily balanced7 as the balancing of these brushes is a veryimport-ant factor.

In applications now pending in the United States Patent Ofce, Serial No.674,508, filed March 19, 1898, and Serial No. 699,151, tiled December13, 1808, I have shown and described improved fornis ofpolishing-brushes, comprising generally a hub, outer confining 2o disksor rings, and fiber vlayers between said disks or rings, the layersbeing separated by disks of cloth or veneer, and in these applications Ihave provided for the balancing of the brush by running in lead at thebase of z5 the fiber or at some position between the outerconfining-disks; but in the present case I dispense with the hub andutilize a filling of cement or other suitable material at the base ofthe fiber and between the outer con- 3o fining-disks and effect thebalancing of the brush by removing a part of this filling, thus leavinga space. In the place of the hub I use a simple bushing.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown in Figure 1 the method ofinserting the ce- 4o dition to the cement filling core-sections,

these being desirable in large sizes of brushes. Fig. t is a plan viewof the brush, partly in section, to show the space made in the fillingto form a balance. Fig. 5 shows a brush in Fig. 6 shows a modificationin section of a brush.

In carrying out my invention I form the brush proper of the outer disksor rings a, preferably made up of a series of veneers secured togetherby cement and inner and outer rows of nails, as shown at ZJ. The brushfiber (shown at C) is arranged in layers separated by disks of cloth orother material B, as in my applications before referred to. At the baseof the fiber and in the space left between the fiber endsand the centralopening a filling of cement or like suitable material is poured afterthe brush is thoroughly seasoned, and I prefer to use a metal cone a',as shownin Fig. 1, filling in the cement around it until the space isfullyoccupied. The conc is removed after the filling is partly set, andthe brush is balanced by removing a portion of the cement, as shown atG. In some casesfor instance, in large brushes-When the cavity isextensive I prefer to have the cement filling of aless plastic natureand do the filling by forcing the filling into the cavity with a smalltrowel. This saves material and weight. In many cases it will be, foundentirely sufficient to remove a part of' the material; but where this isnot sufficient the space indicated at G may be filled with lead `orother weighty material to complete the balance. This filling is shown indotted lines at GQ Fig. 2.

In large sizes of brushes instead ot' having the cement filling extendentirely between the outer confining-rings I may utilize coresections IIadjacent to the rings a on each side and have the cement filling betweenthe core-sections, as shown in Fig. 3. I may make the whole constructionmore secure by using clench-nails 2 in Fig. 1, extending entirelythrough the brush from side to side.

In Fig. 5 I show how the brush may be applied to a rotary spindle. Wherea bushing is used, as at F, Fig.i2, I prefer to make this a littleshorter than the width of the brush, so that the compression on thecollars s s on the spindle will come upon the brush and not upon thebushing.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a brush without core-sections attached to arotary spindle and Without a bushing. The standard size of opening foran eight, nine, and ten inch brush is one and one-fourth inches indiameter. If the consumer has a one and one-fourth inch spindle ofcourse no bushing could be used, and the brush would go on the spindleas shown in Fig. 5. This would give a balanced brush, and at the sametime no amount of pressure put on it could fracture it, as the IOOpressure would come on the filling. Thus in such a case a bushing wouldbe of no use. On the other hand, should a consumer have a spindle oneinch in diameter I would furnish a bushing one and one-fourth inchesoutside, with a one-inch hole. Spindles vary from five-eighths of aninch to one and onehalf inches diameter, and the bushing is forcentering the brush only.

The cement illing is advantageous, as it gives a largercernenting-surface for cementing in a hub when a brush is to be run on ataper spindle. The twisting strain in such cases comes entirely on thehub, and if the hub gets loose the brush cannot be run, and it istherefore very important that the connection be a secure one. In somecases in addition to the cement filling I may reinforce the connectionby the flanged ferrules or collars shown in my prior applicationsreferred to. Generally, however, I desire to use only one ferruleinstead of two, getting, as I do, more cementing-surface for the hub,which would equal what I would gain by using two ferrules.

site disk. This is important, since I am not.

compelled to build this brush with a ferrule previously clench-nailed toone disk, for in such a case I could only use it with or on a taperspindle, thus requiring me to carry double quantities of stock. In thisway a brush is built flat without a ferrule and ready for a straightspindle. Now if an order comes for a brush with a taper hole I cement ina bushing with a taper hole, then slip on my ferrule and use a longclenchnail, 'driving it clear through from side to side. Since itis notpossible to drive a clenchnail through the hardened cement I employ, Ifirst drill a hole or holes for this purpose through the ferrule, upperdisk, upper corepieces and cement, but not through the lower core-piece.

It will be understood that I do not limit I have illustrated this inFig. 6,iny which the gluing or cementing surface isI myself to aparticular kind of cement to be used as a filler, and in some cases Iprefer to use plaster-of-paris on account of its cheapness and, further,because it dries quickly and is not compressible. In many other cases Iprefer to usea cement which has strong adhesive qualities and one whichwill amalgamate with the cement used in fastening in the fiber.

Under some circumstances instead of making a balance by pouring meltedlead into the cavity I may use particles oflead, as in the form of shot,as this serves the same purpose and at 'the same time has the advantageof being easily applied and there is no danger of burning the liber orcement, as when hot lead is used.

l. A brush comprising outer confiningrings, layers of fiberl between, acement filling at the base of the fiber, a part of the filling beingremoved for balancing purposes, substantially as described.

2. A brush comprising outer confiningrings, layers of fiber between, acement illing at the base of the fiber with a portion thereof removedfor the purposes of balancing and a bushing fitting the central opening,substantially as described.

3. A brush comprising outer confiningrings, a layer of fiber between, acement illing, clench-nails binding the parts together, a bushing and aflanged ferrule for additionally securing the parts together,substantially as described.

4. ,A brush comprising outer confiningrings, layers of fiber between,the cement filling at the base of the fiber, a part of the filling beingremoved for balancing'purposes and a filling for the opening thus formedconsisting of particles of lead, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK GUNN FARNIIAM.

Vitnesses:

RoBT. A. SMITH, NORMAN C. FARNHAM.

